Types of audit tests. indicate whether each of the following audit procedures is a test of controls, a substantive test, or a dual-purpose test. next, indicate the financial statement assertion most closely related to each audit procedure. page 215 required: vouch recorded sales invoices to supporting shipping documents. inspect recorded sales invoices for credit approval. vouch recorded sales invoices prices to the approved price list. send confirmations to all customers regarding accounts receivable. recalculate the arithmetic accuracy of the recorded sales invoices. compare the shipment date of recorded sales invoices with the invoice record date. trace recorded sales invoices to posting in the general ledger control account and in the correct customer’s account. select a sample of shipping documents from the shipping department file and trace shipments to recorded sales invoices. scan recorded sales invoices and shipping documents for missing numbers in sequence. vouch sales invoices and shipping documents. evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. obtain financial statements or credit reports on large past due accounts and inquire of the credit manager about collections. calculate an estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts using prior relations of write-offs and sales.

Each of the following scenarios is based on facts in anactual fraud. categorize each scenario as primarily indicating (1) anincentive to commit fraud, (2) an opportunity to commit fraud, or(3) a rationalization for committing fraud. also state your reasoningfor each scenario.a. there was intense pressure to keep the corporation ' stock from declining further. this pressure came from investors, analysts,and the ceo, whose financial well-being was significantly dependent on the corporation ' s stock price.b. a group of top-level management was compensated (mostly in the form of stock-options) well in excess of what would be considered normal for their positions in this industry.c. top management of the company closely guards internal financial information, to the extent that even some employees on a “need-to-know basis” are denied full access.d. managing specific financial ratios is very important to the company, and both management and analysts are keenly observant of variability in key ratios. key ratios for the company changed very little even though the ratios for the overall industry were quite volatile during the time period.e. in an effort to reduce certain accrued expenses to meet budget targets, the cfo directs the general accounting department to reallocate a division’s expenses by a significant amount. the general accounting department refuses to acquiesce to the request, but the journal entry is made trough the corporate office. an accountant in the general accounting department is uncomfortable with the journal entries required to reallocate divisional expenses. he brings his concerns to the cfo, who assures him that everything will be fine and that the entries are necessary. the accountant considers resigning, but he does not have another job lined up and is worried about supporting his family. therefore, he never voices his concerns to either the internal or external auditors.f. accounting records were either nonexistent or in a state of such disorganization that significant effort was required to locate or compile them.

What historical context does wiesel convey using the allusion of a fiery sky? he compares the sky to hell. the fires from air raids during world war ii the cremation of jews in the concentration camps the outbreak of forest fires from bombs in world war ii

All of the following led to the collapse of the soviet economy except a. a lack of worker incentives. c. inadequate supply of consumer goods. b. a reliance on production quotas. d. the introduction of a market economy.