Fred bought life insurance five years ago. He forgot to tell them that he had a heart condition, and, as a result of that condition, he recently died. Which of the following provisions prevents the life insurance company from refusing to pay his beneficiaries because of his original fraudulent misrepresentation?
a. Misstatement of age provision.
b. Naming a beneficiary.
c. Incontestability clause.
d. Policy reinstatement.
e. The grace period.

Wo firms, a and b, each currently dump 50 tons of chemicals into the local river. the government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the river. it costs firm a $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs firm b $50 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. the government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. what is the total cost of reducing pollution if firms are not allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other? what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? a. $3,000; $1,500 b. $4,500; $3,500 c. $4,500; $4,000 d. $4,500; $2,500