Retained earnings, December 31, 2019 $315,450 Decrease in total liabilities during 2019 68,700
Gain on the sale of buildings during 2019 24,150
Dividends declared and paid in 2019 6,750
Proceeds from sale of common stock in 2019 74,100
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2019 33,900

Required:
From the above data, calculate the retained earnings balance as of December 31, 2018. (Enter decreases with a minus sign to indicate a negative financial statement effect.)

Leading guitar string producer wound up inc. has enjoyed a competitive advantage based on its proprietary coating that gives its strings a clearer sound and longer lifespan than uncoated strings. one of wound up's competitors, however, has recently developed a similar coating using less expensive ingredients, which allows it to charge a lower price than wound up for similar-quality strings. wound up's competitive advantage is in danger due to a. a lack of perceived value b. a lack of organization c. direct imitation and substitution d. resource immobility