The City of Charleston issued $3,000,000 of 8% coupon, 30-year, semiannual payment, tax-exempt muni bonds 10 years ago. The bonds had 10 years of call protection, but now the bonds can be called if the city chooses to do so. The call premium would be 6% of the face amount. New 20-year, 6%, semiannual payment bonds can be sold at par, but flotation costs on this issue would be 2% of the amount of bonds sold. 1. What is the net present value of the refunding? Note that cities pay no income taxes, hence taxes are not relevant.
(a) $453,443
(b) $476,115
(c) $499,921
(d) $524,917
(e) $551,163
2. Calculate the initial cost.

Secured loans are protected by collateral security. examples: title loans where the borrower uses the car title as collateral security interest rates are lower and repayments are longer therefore risk is low as a collateral security is given as guarantee to the bank in case of failure to pay the loanunsecured loans are not protected by collateral security but it is given on the creditworthiness of the borrower, trusting that she/he will pay on time. examples; payday loans is a short term loan where the borrower lends money from the bank and pays is back when the borrower receives his/her wages.interest rates are high and repayments are shorter. but the risk is high as no collateral security is given as a guarantee to the bank for payment of the loan

My first question is what benefits do you expect to achieve from career exploration? the benefits that i expect to achieve from career exploration. for me i think the benefits of exploring many different careers are that you get exposed to more, so it's easier for you to pick which one you like best. another benefit is that you get a more first hand view of what jobs are more likely to be needed in the future and that can be factored into your consideration. my second question is what do you expect to be the most challenging parts of your career planning process? why? the most challenging parts of my career planning process is trying to get things in order and trying to write this paragraph it is confusing and, hard work. and last but not least my third question is i think the most challenging part is taking the first step and really deciding on a career you want to pursue; there are so many options and it can be hard to choose.which jobs will allow me to make a living? ; what skills does emergency medical technician emergency medical services medical » physiology require?

There are three key entities in thefederal reserve system: the  board  of governors, the  federal reserve banks(reserve banks), and the  federal  open market committee (fomc). while the  federal reserve  has frequent communication with executive branch and congressional officials, its decisions are made independently.