How many liters of softened water, containing a sodium concentration of 5.6×10−2 % sodium by mass, have to be consumed to exceed the fda recommendation? (assume a water density of 1.0 g/ml.) express your answer using two significant figures.

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.  

i believe it is-

d.) gravity pulled particles of dust and gas together to form planets.

c is having 4 valence electrons and is bonded to three hydrogens and one sulphur atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to four. as all the valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, there is no lone pair left on carbon.

s is having 6 valence electrons and is bonded to one other sulfur atom and one carbon atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to 2. as only two valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, four electrons are left. therefore, two lone pairs are present on s.