In-Lab Model 2: Donating electrons by resonance Substituents with a lone pair on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring can delocalize the charge into the ring which can be called "donating electrons by resonance" Examples: -NH2, -OH -OR Note that these substituents can also withdraw electrons inductively because they are more electronegative than hydrogen. You will have some competing effects, for these substituents the donating resonance effects are stronger than the inductive withdrawing effects. 8. (Choose one answer) Substituents that donate electrons into the rings make the benzene ring MORE/LESS reactive to EAS 9. (Choose one answer) These substituents referred to in question 8 are called ACTIVATING/DEACTIVING substituents. 10. Draw the structure for phenol, including the lone pair electrons on the oxygen atom.