The combustion of 40.10 g of a compound which contains only C, H, Cl and O yields 58.57 g of CO2 and 14.98 g of H2O. Another sample of the compound with a mass of 75.00 g is found to contain 22.06 g of Cl. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

The empirical formula is C4H5ClO2

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of the sample = 40.10 grams

Mass of CO2 produced = 58.57 grams

Mass of H2O produced = 14.98 grams

Molar mass CO2 = 44.01 g/mol

Molar mass H2O = 18.02 g/mol

Atomic mass C= 12.01 g/mol

Atomic mass O = 16.0 g/mol

Atomic mass H = 1.01 g/mol

In experiment 2, mass = 75.00 grams and 22.06 grams is Cl

Step 2: Calculate moles CO2

Moles CO2 = mass CO2 / molar mass CO2

Moles CO2 = 58.57 grams / 44.01 g/mol

Moles CO2 = 1.33 moles

Step 3: Calculate moles C

For 1 mol CO2 we have 1 mol CO2

For 1.33 moles CO2 we have 1.33 moles C

Step 4: Calculate mass C

Mass C = 1.33 grams * 12.01 g/mol

Mass C = 15.97 grams

Step 5: Calculate moles H2O

Moles H2O= 14.98 grams /18.02 g/mol

Moles H2O = 0.831 moles

Step 6: Calculate moles H

For 1mol H2O we have 2 moles H

For 0.831 moles H2O we have 2*0.831 = 1.662 moles H

Step7: Calculate mass H

Mass H = 1.662 moles * 1.01 g/mol

Mass H = 1.68 grams

Step 8: Calculate mass %

%C = (15.97 grams / 40.10) * 100 %

%C = 39.8 %

%H = (1.68 / 40.10 ) *100%

%H = 4.2 %

%Cl = (22.06 / 75.00 ) * 100%

%Cl = 29.4 %

%O = 100 % - 39.8% - 4.2 % - 29.4 %

%O = 26.6 %

Step 9: Calculate moles in compound

We assume the compound has a mass of 100 grams

Mass C = 39.8 grams

MAss H = 4.2 grams

MAss Cl = 29.4 grams

Mass O = 26.6 grams

Moles C = 39.8 grams / 12.01 g/mol

Moles C = 3.314 moles

Moles H = 4.2 moles / 1.01 g/mol

Moles H = 4.158 moles

Moles Cl =29.4 grams / 35.45 g/mol

Moles Cl = 0.829 moles

Moles O = 26.6 grams / 16.0 g/mol

Moles O = 1.663 moles

Step 10: calculate the mol ratio

We divide by the smallest amount of moles

C: 3.314 moles / 0.829 moles = 4

H: 4.158 moles / 0.829 moles = 5

Cl: 0.829 moles /0.829 moles = 1

O: 1.663 moles / 0.829 moles = 2

This means For each Cl atom we have 4 C atoms, 5 H atoms and 2 O atoms

The empirical formula is C4H5ClO2

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