Life has existed on Earth for about 3.8 billion years despite gradual and sudden environmental changes. How do the scientific factors of sustainability help explain how life has continued to survive and evolve?

As we all are aware that life on Earth is existed due to several environmental changes and there are several scientific factors of sustainability that support the survival and evolution of life on Earth.

Scientific factors of sustainability include solar energy, chemical cycle, and biodiversity that supported life on Earth. solar energy helps all organism and especially producers to gain energy and store the energy which further used in chemical cycles of transferring energy to other trophic levels.

Chemical cycle also involves the interaction of biotic and abiotic envrionment with each other that leads to environmental changes as well as organisms adapt themselves accordingly.

Biodiversity maintains the balance in the ecosystem and prevent dominancy of one organism otherwise it can lead to scarcity and organism would not be able to survive. Variation in biodiversity due to random mating  in the same species leads to evolution and produces new species of organisms.  

Hence, scientific factors of sustainability play major role in survival and evolution of life on the Earth.