Litmus paper can be used to determine the of a substance. chemical formula temperature relative ph relative volume

Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When a substance is acidic in nature then it turns blue litmus into red. Whereas when a substance is basic in nature then it turns red litmus into blue litmus.

Therefore, we can conclude that a litmus paper helps in determining the pH of a solution because if the pH is less than 7 then the substance is acidic in nature.

On the other hand, when pH is more than 7 then the substance is basic in nature.

Hence, litmus paper can be used to determine the relative pH of a substance.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.