Here is a phylogenetic tree of 5 species of pines. At the tips of the tree are data for a character known as number of stomatal rows. This character refers to the number of rows of stomata on the underside of a needle. All species have either 1 or 2 rows. Using the Fitch algorithm, what is the minimum number of changes that have occurred on this phylogeny between 1 and 2 rows of stomata

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature