A pipeline is being designed to withstand a total maximum pressure of 2.13 x 106 N/m2 . The 20-cm pipeline is ductile iron and conveys water at 40 L/sec. Determine the required thickness of the pipe wall if the operational head of the pipeline is 40 m and also subjected to water hammer if the flow control

A-mn has a cubic structure with a0 0.8931 nm and a density of 7.47 g/cm3. b-mn has a different cubic structure, with a0 0.6326 nm and a density of 7.26 g/cm3. the atomic weight of manganese is 54.938 g/mol and the atomic radius is 0.112 nm. determine the percent volume change that would occur if a-mn transforms to b-mn.