Read the excerpt from “tools of the spymaster."

washington, a spymaster with a sharp eye for details, gave exact instructions on how an agent should use invisible ink: "[h]e should occasionally write his information on the blank leaves of a pamphlet . . a common pocket book, or on the blank leaves at each end of registers, almanacs, or any new publication or book of small value." he also told his agents that a "much better way" is to write a letter "with some mixture of family matters" and the secret message, which would be invisible, "between the lines and on the remaining part of the sheet."

what is the author’s main purpose in the excerpt?

to inform readers about george washington’s stealth and creativity

to persuade readers that spying during wartime is heroic

to teach readers about the dangers of being a spy

to compare various methods of writing secret messages

Read this excerpt from "herd about the flu." the flu shot prevent huge numbers of infections. even when it doesn't fully prevent infection in every person, the shot makes any flu infection less serious. on a global scale, the vaccine can reduce the number of infections only if most people in the community take it. that's because vaccines need to reach enough people to achieve a "herd immunity," the level of immunity needed to prevent the virus from spreading. if too few people get the vaccine, the people who receive it may not be well protected against infection. so the next time you are at the drugstore, and you see no flu shots available, think about the reasons behind it. drug makers are scared to make too many flu shots because they could lose too much money. they then make fewer flu shots and the effect of the flu shots becomes weaker because not enough people take it. people become more reluctant to take the flu shot since they don't think it will fully work. the demand goes down further and the flu companies make even fewer shots the next year. this could continue until the community changes its mind and we all get the flu shot. "that is a community responsibility," says the president of merck, one of the two remaining flu vaccine manufacturers. which argument best supports the passage's claim that more people should get the flu vaccine to stop the virus from spreading? 1.if too few people get the vaccine, the people who receive it may not be well protected against infection 2. so the next time you are at the drugstore, and you see no flu shots available, think about the reasons behind it. 3.people become more reluctant to take the flu shot since they don’t think it will fully work. 4.drug makers are scared to make too many flu shots because they could lose too much money.