Within two centuries, estimates brooklyn botanical garden
vice president steven clemants, colonizing trees will have
substantially replaced pioneer weeds. gutters buried under
tons of leaf litter provide new, fertile ground for native oaks
and maples from city parks. arriving black locust and
autumn olive shrubs fix nitrogen, allowing sunflowers,
bluestem, and white snakeroot to move in along with apple
trees, their seeds expelled by proliferating birds.
which statement best explains how the structure of the passage supports the
author's purpose?

The passage traces the chronology of the biological succession of plants to predict that the city will become an oasis fit for human habitation.

Explanation:

In this passage, the author discusses how the vegetation of a particular place will change in the future. He tells us that colonizing trees will be replaced by pioneer weeds. We also know that new native oaks and maples will grow in city parks, black locust, autumn olive shrubs, sunflowers, bluestem and white snakeroot will appear and that birds will contribute to the spread of apple trees. In the passage, the author traces the chronology of the succession of plants and in this way proves that the city will become an oasis.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)