Read the following excerpt from levitt and dubner's freakonomics
there is a tale, "the ring of gyges," that feldman sometimes tells his economist friends. it comes from plato's
republic. a student named glaucon offered the story in response to a lesson by socrates-who, like adam smith,
argued that people are generally good even without enforcement. glaucon, like feldman's economist friends,
disagreed. he told of a shepherd named gyges who stumbled upon a secret cavern with a corpse inside that wore a
ring. when gyges put on the ring, he found that it made him invisible. with no one able to monitor his behavior,
gyges proceeded to do woeful things-seduce the queen, murder the king, and so on. glaucon's story posed a moral
question: could any man resist the temptation of evil if he knew his acts could not be witnessed? glaucon seemed to
think the answer was no.
the excerpt serves as which of the following in relation to the authors' argument?
a claim that most people are moral
an example of morality in the workplace
a conclusion about morality in the workplace
a counterclaim to the idea that most people are moral
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The answer is: a counterclaim to the idea that most people are moral

Explanation:

The center of this excerpt is a tale of originating from Plato`s book Republic. In this tale Socrates who was Plato`s teacher claimed people are generally good, however, one of his students Glaucon claimed the opposite.

The central part of this tale is Glaucon`s explanation of his counterclaim with the moral question arising from this, so the author paraphrases this story emphasizing its counterclaim to the idea of the people`s morality.

"the monkey's paw" is a rare story in that the theme is actually stated in the story. sgt. maj. morris tells the whites that the old fakir who put the spell on the paw said, "fate rules people's lives and those who interfere with fate do so to their sorrow." the message is a warning, but mr. white doesn't believe it. even though sgt. maj. morris makes it clear that he tried wishing with unfortunate results and he tries to throw the paw on the fire,   mr. white makes a wish for 200 pounds only to find that he receives the money when herbert dies in a factory accident. according to the fakir, then, because mr. white had wished for something he should not have had, his son lost his life.

the second wish that mrs. white encourages him to make is for herbert's return--one week after his death. when the strange knocking begins at the door during the windy night, mr. white panicks, believing that the previously dead but still mangled herbert could have walked home from the cemetary and is now at the door. because he fears what his wife will find if she opens the door, mr. white makes his third wish--for the noise to stop.

therefore, he uses his three wishes and to his sorrow, loses his son and disappoints his wife, who fervently believed that their son was at the door. she wanted him back, regardless of his condition.

explanation:

2. list two reasons why fossil fuels should no longer be used as a source of energy in america.