1. "the precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due. the study of law consists of two branches, law public and law private. the former relates to the welfare of the roman state; the latter to the advantage of the individual citizen. of private law then we may say that it is of threefold origin, being collected from the precepts of nature, from those of the law of nations, or from those of the civil law of rome."
source: from the institutes of justinian, b. moyle, trans.3rd ed. (oxford: oxford university press, 1896), pp. 3-5.

this excerpt from the justinian code shows how the byzantine empire

a. preserved greco-roman culture

b. reformed the roman catholic church

c. split from western roman legal traditions

d. established an eastern orthodox church separate from rome
2. use the excerpt to answer the following question:

"and so as it were at the same moment
the master's command is given
and the disciple's work is completed,
the two things being speedily accomplished together
in the swiftness of the fear of god
by those who are moved
with the desire of attaining life everlasting."
source: the rule of our most holy father st. benedict, patriarch of monks, from the old english edition of 1638. edited in latin and english. (london: washbourne, 1875)

this excerpt from the rule of benedict demonstrates

a. importance of obedience among monastic orders

b. power of the pope over the church

c. spread of the christian faith by missionaries

d. nature of changes to medieval church structure

1. A) preserved Greco-Roman culture

Justinian established the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), which codified and organized the system of laws for the empire. Justinian ruled as emperor in the Eastern Roman Empire (which we now call the Byzantine Empire) from 527 to 565 AD. The "Justinian Code" of laws codified and preserved Roman law into the Middle Ages. The culture and values of Greco-Roman tradition were embodied in these laws.

2. A. importance of obedience among monastic orders

Benedict of Nursia (480 - 547 AD) founded a dozen communities of monks in Italy, and the rule he established for monastic discipline became a lasting testimony to the monastic way of life. The precepts he laid down urged monks to renounce their own will and "do battle under the Lord Christ, the true King," and take up "the strong, bright weapons of obedience." (Quote is from Prologue to the Rule of St. Benedict.)

to give the reader a sense of the chaos, fear, and havoc taking place

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)