Read the poem. The Inchcape Rock by Robert Southey The ballad of "The Inchcape Rock" retells the legend of a treacherous reef in the North Sea, of the kind Abbot who sought to protect sailors from the rocks, and of the Rover who sought to sabotage the Abbot's efforts for his own gain. No stir in the air, no stir in the sea, The ship was as still as she could be; Her sails from heaven received no motion; Her keel was steady in the ocean. Without either sign or sound of their shock The waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock; So little they rose, so little they fell, They did not move the Inchcape Bell. The good old Abbot of Aberbrothok Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock; On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung, And over the waves its warning rung. When the rock was hid by the surges’ swell, The mariners heard the warning bell; And then they knew the perilous rock And blessed the Abbot of Aberbrothok. The sun in heaven was shining gay,— All things were joyful on that day; The sea birds screamed as they wheeled around, And there was joyance in their sound. The buoy of the Inchcape Bell was seen, A darker spot on the ocean green; Sir Ralph the Rover walked his deck And he fixed his eye on the darker speck. He felt the cheering power of spring,— It made him whistle, it made him sing; His heart was mirthful to excess, But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness. His eye was on the Inchcape float. Quoth he, “My men, put out the boat And row me to the Inchcape Rock, And I’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok.” The boat is lowered, the boatmen row, And to the Inchcape Rock they go; Sir Ralph bent over from the boat, And he cut the bell from the Inchcape float. Down sank the bell with a gurgling sound; The bubbles rose and burst around. Quoth Sir Ralph, “The next who comes to the Rock Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.” Sir Ralph the Rover sail’d away,— He scoured the seas for many a day; And now, grown rich with plundered store, He steers his course for Scotland’s shore. So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky They cannot see the sun on high; The wind hath blown a gale all day; At evening it hath died away. On the deck the Rover takes his stand; So dark it is they see no land. Quoth Sir Ralph, “It will be lighter soon, For there is the dawn of the rising moon.” “Canst hear,” said one, “the breakers roar? Methinks we should be near the shore.” “Now where we are I cannot tell, But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell.” They hear no sound; the swell is strong; Though the wind hath fallen, they drift along Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock, Full on the ledge of the Inchcape Rock! Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair; He curst himself in his despair; The waves rush in on every side— The ship is sinking beneath the tide. Why is the word perilous used in this excerpt instead of risky, dangerous, or vulnerable? When the rock was hid by the surges’ swell, The mariners heard the warning bell; And then they knew the perilous rock And blessed the Abbot of Aberbrothok. a. The word perilous has a weak connotation to suggest that there is a degree of uncertainty. b. The word perilous has a stronger connotation to emphasize that there is a risk of death. c. The word perilous has a negative connotation that indicates that it would be foolish. d. The word perilous has a positive connotation that implies that it is only somewhat unsafe.