Select the instances in which you should include a comma. to set off an introductory phrase
to start a list
to show possession
to separate day from year in dates
to set off text inside quotes
to separate a city and a state
to separate the words in a series

you have to tell us what you're talking about or it's impossible to answer.

gerund phrase: writing a short story.

noun use: subject.

poe’s time at the academy was financed by his foster father, john, meaning that poe needed his foster father’s permission in order to drop out if he wanted to. unfortunately, poe’s relationship with his foster father was soon on the rocks again after john married his second wife, louisa patterson.

i was just learning about this in language arts a week ago. edgar poe makes lots of wonderful books, too.