Which of the following is not a literary element or device?

Figurative language because it uses words/expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation.That is also what poetry does, uses figurative expressions. Also, figurative language includes personification and similes/metaphors which are commonly used in poetry.

Explanation:

the answer is:  

he is voicing feelings shared by all humans regardless of race.

in paul laurence dunbar's poem "we wear the mask," he replicates the words mask and we to emphasize how people in general -not just black americans- hide their true feelings. he suggests the masks cover people's faces and eyes, which are the main parts that display their emotions. he also thinks people's pain conceal behind those masks, so that they cannot see reality and nobody is able to see one another's sorrow.