1. Part A: Which TWO of the following phrases best describe a central idea of the text?
O A The South African government created the policy of
apartheid to ensure that white citizens could maintain
power and control over black and Asian citizens.
B The African National Congress was created to rebel
against the racist policies of the white government in
Pretoria.
OC Desmond Tutu was an outspoken critic of apartheid
who helped to lobby for the release of Nelson Mandela
from prison.
D The government in Pretoria failed to recognize the
power of activists who criticized the land
redistribution policy.
O E The protests of South Africans against the violence
and racism of the government combined with
international pressure to cause the end of apartheid.
OF The discovery of gold and diamonds in the mines of
South Africa led to a period of intense settlement and
colonization,

Read the excerpt from "broken chain." alfonso studied the magazine pictures of rock stars for a hairstyle. he liked the way prince looked—and the bass player from los lobos. alfonso thought he would look cool with his hair razored into a v in the back and streaked purple. but he knew his mother wouldn’t go for it. and his father, who was puro mexicano, would sit in his chair after work, sullen as a toad, and call him "sissy.” what details from the passage would best support a paragraph about conflict between characters?

Read the selection below and answer the question. an open boat by alfred noyes o, what is that whimpering there in the darkness? 

 'let him lie in my arms. he is breathing, i know.
 look. i'll wrap all my hair round his neck' – the sea's rising,
 the boat must be lightened. he's dead. he must go.' 


 see - quick - by that flash, where the bitter foam tosses, 
 the cloud of white faces, in the black open boat, 
 and the wild pleading woman that clasps her dead lover 
 and wraps her loose hair round his breast and his throat.
 'come, lady, he's dead.' - 'no, i feel his heart beating,
 he's living, i know. but he's numbed with the cold. 
 see, i'm wrapping my hair all around him to warm him.' -
- 'no. we can't keep the dead, dear. come, loosen your hold.

 'come. loosen your fingers.' - 'o god, let me keep him! ' -
 o, hide it, black night! let the winds have their way! 
 and there are no voices or ghosts from that darkness, 
 to fret the bare seas at the breaking of day. which choice best describes the conflict in this poem? the winds are rocking the boat. a man is thrown into the sea. a woman doesn’t want to let go of her dead lover. someone is crying in the darkness.

The great depression, which lasted throughout the 1930s in the united states, affected many people, and it had a devastating impact on an entire subset of the u.s. population. modernist writer john steinbeck wrote about the toll the depression took on these families, many of whom were forced to leave their farms and find other sources of income.