In which sentence is the underlined clause a noun clause functioning as the subject of the sentence?

you should give whoever waits at the camp a copy of your route.

you must pack whatever you need.

robert campbell settled trading camps in whatever regions the hudson’s bay company sent him.

whoever travels the pelly river follows in the footsteps of the explorer robert campbell.

The verb in the sentence is in what voice

Which word best describes the author's tone in this excerpt from "that spot" by jack london? i don’t think much of stephen mackaye any more, though i used to swear by him. i know that in those days i loved him more than my own brother. if ever i meet stephen mackaye again, i shall not be responsible for my actions. it passes beyond me that a man with whom i shared food and blanket, and with whom i mushed over the chilcoot trail, should turn out the way he did. i always sized steve up as a square man, a kindly comrade, without an iota of anything vindictive or malicious in his nature. i shall never trust my judgment in men again. why, i nursed that man through typhoid fever; we starved together on the headwaters of the stewart; and he saved my life on the little salmon. and now, after the years we were together, all i can say of stephen mackaye is that he is the meanest man i ever knew. a. excited b. ironic c. indignant d. playful

Reread paragraph 4. what direct impact did the efforts individuals like ava deer have?