Plate movement is influenced by each of the following EXCEPT a. slab pull, in which the downgoing oceanic plate exerts a pull on the rest of the plate. b. mantle convection, which creates shear at the base of plates. c. mantle plumes, which are created when hot rock rises up from the deep mantle and creates melting at the base of the lithosphere. d. ridge push, in which the elevated rocks at the ridge axis push on rocks farther from the ridge.