Explanation:
1 LOCATION:
The Spaniards expanded throughout much of America, including North America (current Texas, California and Oregon), all of Central America and almost all of South America (except Brazil).
In much of Central America and South America, there were many developed civilizations such as the Maya, Aztec, and Inca, and there were also nomadic tribes.
A war against these civilizations (as it is popularly believed) would have meant the extermination of the few Spaniard colonial forces that were disembarking irregularly on the continent.
The Spaniards established trade with the formerly named inhabitants. They set up their settlements near or even within the native cities, created alliances to fight against other peoples there (as in Europe, the different native peoples were also at war among them, not counting against other settlers who were arriving).
On the contrary, the English expanded in North America (USA and Canada). There they found mostly nomads tribes with a very low level of development; if we compare them to the Central and Southern American native tribes. English settlers purged and expelled the populations they found to place their settlements. This conquering style occurred because the motivation of the English colonization was economic. On the other hand, the Spanish colonization’s intention was not merely economic but it also intended to convert natives to Catholicism.
2 TIME:
The Spanish began to colonize America in the fifteenth century. Spain was practically a medieval society, so religion was very important. Besides, the Reconquest of its Iberian territory against Muslim Moors was very recent, and many consider the colonization of America as an extension of the Reconquest itself.
On the other hand, the English started to arrive in America in the 17th century, about 200 years later than the Spanish. The Illustration and the Reform had already occurred, and they were immersed in a capitalist society. Ironically, although they had greater cultural development, they treated the native population more frivolously and cruelly.
3. MAIN OBJECTIVES
Being a medieval society, the purpose of the Spanish conquest besides becoming politically and economically powerful, was the evangelization and acculturation of the natives (teaching religion, customs, language, the foundation of towns and cities as a state policy). The greatest concern of the Spanish monarchs was to bring the Catholic religion to all these peoples, and to consider them as new subjects. They considered the natives as people whose souls could be indoctrinated. Converting millions of people to Catholicism would favor God and also the treaty made with the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. However, in honor of the truth, having more subjects also meant higher taxes and more troops for the King, to name a few.
The objective of the English conquest was purely commercial. Therefore, they sought to get the maximum possible benefit by creating trade routes and exploiting the land regardless of anything else or those who were harmed. They didn't worry about teaching natives customs or religion since they didn't even consider them as human beings. Moreover, they thought that the natives had to be exterminated to make way for the English, for example. This idea was clearly and strongly stated in the Manifest Destiny Doctrine in 1871.
4. ECONOMY
Spanish settlers based their economy primarily on mining, followed by agriculture and livestock. The natives were considered by the settlers as "cheap labor" but they were free people.
The economy of English settlers was based on agriculture and livestock. They quickly adopted slave labor to exploit the fields. In shortage of labor to enslave in the country itself, having been almost exterminated it was necessary to bring slaves from Africa to maintain the economy. This does not mean that slavery was not used in Spanish America, but it was not at the level of the English colonies, nor was the treatment of black slaves as degrading as in North America.
5. BACK DEVELOPMENT
Between evangelization, commerce, and integration, there was miscegenation among settlers and a fusion between their customs. That is why in South America it can be seen that there is a strong cultural link between current and pre-colonial cultures.
The English excluded the natives from their society. These natives had to move constantly as the colonies were growing. The natives were held in downsizing reserves so that they did not disturb the colonies development. In the current American and Canadian societies there is no link with pre-colonial cultures.
