Those who favor a strict construction of the constitution believe he powers of the federal government are explicitly granted by the constitution the powers of the federal government are implied by the constitution the powers of the federal government can be easily changed and interpreted the powers of the federal government are dependent on the powers of the states

Strict textualists, like Justice Clarence Thomas, believe that A: the powers of the federal government are explicitly granted by the Constitution.

In short, if it ain't in the Constitution, the Feds can't do it in eyes of textualists. They believe that if the Framers didn't think to include it, it doesn't deserve doing.

The opposing view is that the Constitution and language have both evolved and that the Constitution has evolved with changing history and language.

c or d both can be the answer