The study of modern management began in the late nineteenth century with the which took a rational, scientific approach to management and sought to turn organizations into efficient operating machines.

The classical perspective is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of the classical perspective of management. This perspective focused on the output of employees, improving efficiency, productivity, and the business. A major drawback of this perspective was it didn't focus on human behavior and variance among the employees and how job satisfaction improves employee efficiency. It was introduced by Fredrick Winslow Taylor. He thought that the worker's productivity can be completely controlled by managing it as a science. So he used the scientific method of measurement and created guidelines for the management and training of the employees, which came to be known as the Classical perspective of management.

radioactive dating, also known as  radioisotope dating  is a process that in  estimating the approximate  age  of  rocks. these data can be analyzed from  the studies dealing with the  decay of the radioactive elements that are present in these rocks. in nature, there are a few types of materials or atoms which are quite unstable and they spontaneously decay or breakdown to form other kinds of atoms.