31.
Based on your reading, what was the main reason Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev
instituted perestroika in the late 1980s?

Since the Soviet economy was falling behind other capitalist countries. As well as the Soviets long reputation for being corrupt, perestroika eased the corruption and the monopolies in the Soviet union at the time, as well as helped their government to be more transparent than before. Most soviet bureaucrats did not like this, as they wanted to continue their corrupt buisness dealings in secret.

Perestroika eased Trade restrictions.

Perestroika was meant to jumpstart the barely surviving Russian economy, however in some sectors this had the opposite effect.

c. businesses/firms & government