The spread and influence of Islamic culture was dramatically curtailed by Abd ar-Rahman's 732 C. E./A. D. defeat at the A) Battle of Tours. B) Loire River Conflict. C) Frank and Arab Conflict. D) Battle of Abd ar-Rahman.

The spread and influence of Islamic culture was dramatically curtailed by Abdal-Rahman's 732 C.E./A.D. defeat at the:

A) Battle of Tours

Explanation:

Umayyad Caliphate was considered one of the greatest caliphates in Islamic history. In the 7th century, they dominated the Mediterranean and took over the remain of Roman and Persian Empires. In 711, the Umayyad invaded and conquered Spain, which brought Islamic culture into the Europe.

As Islam started to spread in Europe, the de facto rule of Francia (France), Charles Martel, decided to build his own army, so he could fight this threat. The Caliph of Umayyad's at that time, Abdal-Rehman, didn't know about this.

Charles Martel caught Abdal-Rehman and his army off-guard, near the place of Tours, and charged on them, which resulted in a defeat for the Umayyad Caliphate. This battle was named as Battle of Tours.

If Abdal-Rehman would have won, the majority of the world would have been Muslim. His defeat stopped the spread of Islam in Europe

a   church leadership can be defined as a process of influencing other people to work together to accomplish a desired purpose.

in this case one person acting as a role model and influencing other to work as one person to accomplish a certain misson or purpose.

this can be either leading people to do the work of god

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons