How were stateless groups organized in africa

Stateless societies lacked a centralized hierarchy of government officials and a bureaucracy and instead were led by family groups that balanced the ruling power among them and made decisions together for the good of the whole society. ... Occasionally, these stateless societies even grew into cities.

the hyksos invasion. the hyksos were able to attack egypt successfully because of their skills in using bronze weapons, composite bows and the use of the horse and chariot during the invasion. although the egyptians depict a barbarian-type overthrow, the truth is the seizure was likely a relatively peaceful one.

the answer is a. apartheid.