PART 1 Whoever wishes to investigate medicine properly, should proceed thus:
in the first place to consider the seasons of the year, and what effects
each of them produces for they are not at all alike, but differ much
from themselves in regard to their changes. Then the winds, the hot
and the cold, especially such as are common to all countries, and
then such as are peculiar to each locality. We must also consider
the qualities of the waters, for as they differ from one another in
taste and weight, so also do they differ much in their qualities.
In the same manner, when one comes into a city to which he is a stranger,
he ought to consider its situation, how it lies as to the winds and
the rising of the sun; for its influence is not the same whether it
lies to the north or the south, to the rising or to the setting sun.
These things one ought to consider most attentively, and concerning
the waters which the inhabitants use, whether they be marshy and soft,
or hard, and running from elevated and rocky situations, and then
if saltish and unfit for cooking; and the ground, whether it be naked
and deficient in water, or wooded and well watered, and whether it
lies in a hollow, confined situation, or is elevated and cold; and
the mode in which the inhabitants live, and what are their pursuits,
whether they are fond of drinking and eating to excess, and given
to indolence, or are fond of exercise and labor, and not given to
excess in eating and drinking.



PART 2

From these things he must proceed to investigate everything else.
For if one knows all these things well, or at least the greater part
of them, he cannot miss knowing, when he comes into a strange city,
either the diseases peculiar to the place, or the particular nature
of common diseases, so that he will not be in doubt as to the treatment
of the diseases, or commit mistakes, as is likely to be the case provided
one had not previously considered these matters. And in particular,
as the season and the year advances, he can tell what epidemic diseases
will attack the city, either in summer or in winter, and what each
individual will be in danger of experiencing the change of regimen.
For knowing the changes of the seasons, the risings and settings of
the stars, how each of them takes place, he will be able to know beforehand
what sort of a year is going to ensue. Having made these investigations,
and knowing beforehand the seasons, such a one must be acquainted
with each particular, and must succeed in the preservation of health,
and be by no means unsuccessful in the practice of his art. And if
it shall be thought that these things belong rather to meteorology,
it will be admitted, on second thoughts, that astronomy contributes
not a little, but a very great deal, indeed, to medicine. For with
the seasons the digestive organs of men undergo a change.

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