1. How long after the first protectives walls built by Constantine were completed had the city of Constantinople outgrown those walls (expanded
beyond the walls)?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.

The city of Constantinople outgrew those walls built by Constantine in the 19th century because the population started to expand beyond those walls during the times of the Ottoman Empire.

Built by Constantine in the 4th century as a way to protect the city of Constantinople by land and sea, the walls continued to be constructed years later and successfully served to protect the capital of the Byzantine Empire against invasions from the Bulgars, Avar-Sassanians, and the Arabs.

These walls had been affected by wars, time, and weather conditions, although reparations had tried to rescue some parts. The walls have been named World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

letter d is correct.

assuming that by westerners you mean americans. that they were mean and controlling and abusive to its peasants.

explanation: