Which human reach apparently 40,000 year ago

c. Australia

Explanation:

Modern humans have been shown to have originated in Africa where they stayed until some 80,000 years ago when a lot of them left to go and colonize other parts of the world.

Around 40,000 years ago, some of these modern humans eventually reached Australia from South-east Asia and became the ancestors of the Aboriginal people.

the answer is a glaciers carved a large valley that later flooded and became puget sound

a. the astrolabe could determine the correct latitudinal location of the ship