What is the difference between vertical and horizontal integration

-vertical integration- one method of avoiding the hold-up problem. A monopoly produced through vertical integration is called vertical monopoly

-horizontal integration- the opposite of vertical integration, where companies integrate multiple stages of production of a small number of production units

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assuming that by westerners you mean americans. that they were mean and controlling and abusive to its peasants.

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answer: born in saint-dié, in the vosges department, france, he studied law, and was called to the bar at paris in 1854,[2] but soon went into politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to le temps. he attacked the second french empire with great violence, directing his opposition especially against baron haussmann, prefect of the seine department. a series of his articles in le temps was later republished as the fantastic tales of haussmannlaxupa (1868).[2]

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