Identify ONE nineteenth - or early twentieth- century political development that resulted directly from European views such as those described in the passage.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

b.

one company controls all the means of production of a product.

~coco

this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!