Which of these is NOT an accurate statement about the Berlin Conference of 1884-85? Select one:

a.
European powers claimed that they had a spiritual and cultural obligation to convert Africans to Christianity and 'uplift' and 'civilise' them

b.
King Leopold II sought the creation of the Congo Free State because Belgium was bankrupt

c.
Countries such as Britain, France, and Germany wanted to clarify their territorial claims because they were worried that territorial competition over Africa might result in war

d.
European powers that claimed territory in Africa had already signed treaties with local African chiefs