Aresult of the arab-israeli war during 1948-1949 was that egypt cut off israeli access to the red sea. thousands of israelis became refugees. israel cut off egyptian access to the red sea. thousands of palestinians became refugees.

This conflict - also known as the Israeli War of Independence - made an important alteration of the demographic landscape of the Middle East, resulting in the forced migration of around 700,000 Palestinian Arabs that had to leave or were expelled from their homes due to the changes in areas that once were part of Palestina and after the conflict, were taken over by the Israeli forces.  

So the answer is D: Thousands of Palestinians became refugees.

the answer here would be

mustafa ataturk thought nationalism in turkey would best be achieved by modernizing the country.