Read the quotation below. the speaker is most likely describing his opposition to which of the following? at the beginning of june 1961, after a long and anxious assessment of the south african situation, i, and some colleagues, came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable, it would be unrealistic and wrong for african leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force.1 a. colonialism b. pan-africanism c. world war i d. apartheid

D.Apartheid

Explanation:

Apartheid was the system of racial segregation in South Africa and Namibia (while the latter was South African territory) in force until 1992. Basically, this system of racial segregation consisted in the creation of separate places, both housing and study or recreation, for the different racial groups, in the exclusive power of the white race to exercise the vote and in the prohibition of marriages or even sexual relations between whites and blacks.

Its purpose was to preserve power for the white minority (21% of the population), which in other conditions would have lost its privileged position. Before the victory of the National Party in 1948, blacks could vote, but with many restrictions.

In theory, the system consisted basically of the division of the different racial groups to promote "development". All this movement was directed by the white race, which established all kinds of laws that covered, in general, social aspects. A racial classification was made according to appearance, social acceptance or descent. This new system produced revolutions and resistances on the part of the non-white citizens of the country.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.