What changes in the 1868 constitution led to its ratification in 1869?

What is the definition of double v campaign

Describe the technology advancements that lead to explorers being able to sail great distances. [[ps: doesn't explain where. i am only speculating it's in europe.

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?