Revolutions from "above" are organized by
-the people
-political leaders
-counterrevolutionaries
-foreigners

Revolutions from "above" are organized by political leaders. Since they are "above" the people in the decision-making pyramid, they can use their power to convince the masses to support their ideologies.

They are the opposite of popular revolutions, in which popular ideology imposes a new status. In the case of revolutions from above, it is that status quo that imposes a new situation on the population.

for the points : )

explanation:

americans had many intangible advantages. well since the british fought a war far from home military orders, troops, and supplies sometimes took months to reach their destinations, and the british had an extremely difficult objective. they had to persuade the americans to give up their claims of independence, americans had a grand cause: fighting for their rights, their independence and their liberty. this cause is much more just than waging a war to deny independence.