Ralph and sandra baked cookies. they gave half of all their cookies to their classmates. then they gave half of what was left to their teachers. they then ate the remaining 12 cookies. how many had they made all together?

The total amount of cookies that were made was 48.

If they give half of the cookies (48 cookies total) to the class, the give half of what is left (24 is left), and they eat 12, the the answer is 48 cookies total.

introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.