Which of the graphs represents the correct relationship among the cost curves?

Which approach to the theory-and-research cycle does the following sequence reflect: (1) specific observations suggest generalizations, (2) generalizations produce a tentative theory, (3) the theory is tested through the formation of hypotheses, and (4) hypotheses may provide suggestions for additional observations?

If set d is not the empty set but is a subset of set e, then which of the following is true? d ∩ e = d d ∩ e = e d ∩ e = ∅

Car a and car b were in a race .the driver of car b claimed that his car was twice as fast as car a