Answer the following:

Discrimination in the workplace: A large multinational corporation is accused of discriminatory hiring practices, tending to hire male employees who are 25 to 30 years old. After management agree to offer a series of human resource trainings at their various locations, in-house staff examine and analyze their most current hiring data. They look at a sample of 2,000 new employees and find that a higher proportion of female employees have been recently hired, and the difference is statistically significant.

Which of the following best describes how we should interpret these results?

With a large sample, statistically significant results suggest a large improvement in perceived discriminatory hiring practices.

With a large sample, statistically significant results may actually indicate a small improvement in perceived discriminatory hiring practices.

Regardless of the sample size, a statistically significant result means there is a meaningful difference in hiring practices.

Answer the following:

One population proportion test: Which of the following situations involves testing a claim about a single population proportion?

A recent study estimated that 20% of all college students in the United States smoke. The head of Health Services at Goodheart University suspects that the proportion of smokers may be lower there.

A certain prescription allergy medicine is supposed to contain an average of 245 parts per million (ppm) of a certain chemical. The manufacturer takes a sample to check whether the mean concentration is the required 245 ppm or not.

According to the College Board, which administers the SAT exam, the average score for females is lower than for males among graduating seniors in 2011. An educational researcher wants to test whether this is also true in her school district.

A Statistics student at Tacoma Community Colleges wants to determine whether there is a difference in the proportions of class meetings that male and female students attend.