Find the orthogonal decomposition of v with respect to the subspace W. (That is, write v as w + u with w in W and u in W⊥.) v = 5 −5 2 , W = span −2 −

An energy drink company claims that its product increases students' memory levels. to support its claims, the company issues advertisements claiming that 8 out of 10 people (chosen randomly from across the country) who tried their product reported improved memory. the missing component in this study is a .