Christopher bought 4 pens that cost the same amount of money and a marker that cost $3. he spent a total of $11. which statement correctly describes how to find the cost of each pen arithmetically? answer choices subtract the product of 4 times $3 from $11 and divide the difference by 4. add the product of 4 times $3 to $11 and then divide the sum by 4. subtract $3 from $11 and then divide the difference by 4. add $3 and $11 and then divide the difference by 4.

Consider the linear model for a two-stage nested design with b nested in a as given below. yijk=\small \mu + \small \taui + \small \betaj(i) + \small \varepsilon(ij)k , for i=1,; j= ; k=1, assumption: \small \varepsilon(ij)k ~ iid n (0, \small \sigma2) ; \small \taui ~ iid n(0, \small \sigmat2 ); \tiny \sum_{j=1}^{b} \small \betaj(i) =0; \small \varepsilon(ij)k and \small \taui are independent. using only the given information, derive the least square estimator of \small \betaj(i) using the appropriate constraints (sum to zero constraints) and derive e(msb(a) ).