Two-dimensional, steady-state conduction occurs in a hollow cylindrical solid of thermal conductivity 14 w/m·k, outer radius 1 m and overall length 5 m, where the origin of the coordinate system is located at the midpoint of the center line. the inner surface of the cylinder is insulated, and the temperature distribution within the cylinder has the form , where -20°c, 150°c/m2, -14°c, -300°c/m2 and and are in meters. (a) determine the inner radius of the cylinder. (b) determine the volumetric rate of heat generation, (c) determine the axial distribution of the heat flux at the outer surface, what is the heat rate at the outer surface? is it into or out of the cylinder?

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series: process 12: compression with pv= constant from 1 bar and 1 liter to 4 bar. process 23: constant pressure expansion to 1 liter. process 31: constant volume calculate the pressure and volume at each state, and sketch the processes on a p-vdiagram labeled with pressure and volume values at each numbered stat

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

How can you increase the strength of an electromagnet?