The tac promoter, an artificial promoter made from portions of the trp and lacuv5 promoters, has been introduced into a plasmid. it is a hybrid of the lac and trp (tryptophan) promoters, containing the −35 region of one and the −10 region of the other. this promoter directs transcription initiation more efficiently than either the trp or lac promoters. why

What do radio waves and microwaves have in common? both are at the side of the spectrum that has the shortest wavelengths. both are at the side of the spectrum that has the lowest radiant energy. both are at the side of the spectrum that has the lowest frequency. both are found next to visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Comedians like to joke that the reason we haven’t been visited by intelligent life from elsewhere in the universe is that aliens have been monitoring earth’s broadcasts of intellectually embarrassing tv programs, like gilligan’s island, fear factor, the jersey shore, and the jerry springer showand so consider us far too primitive to merit a visit. let’s check the assertion that aliens could have been receiving them. tv programs are broadcast at a frequency of about 100mhz with about 100kw of total power in 30frames per second, which emanatesroughly uniformly in all directions. assume that interstellar space transmits these broadcasts without attenuation. no matter how smart they are, aliens would require at least one photon per frame to interpret our signals. findthe number of photons per unit time per unit area reaching a receiver on a possible planet in the nearest star system, which is about 4 light-years away (a light-year is the distance light travels in a year). if aliens aimed a receiver or detector directly at earth, how big (in diameter) would it have to be to receive a photon per frame

Which is the correct symbol for an isotope of iodine with 53 protons and 78 neutrons?