For a particular multi-electron atom, application of the variational approach using an effective nuclear charge parameter Z 0 results in the following expression for E(Z 0 ), where a is a constant and energy is in atomic units (Hartree): E(Z 0 ) = −Z 0 e −aZ0 Determine the variational parameter Z 0 and the (minimum) variational energy.

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Distance covered = speed x timethe distance traveled going against the stream = distance traveled with the stream.therefore it is the speed and the time that are the variables.as he travels the same distance both ways, speed x time is the same for each way.going upstream his speed is 4 kph; going downstream his speed is 6 kph.therefore we have two simultaneous equations: time upstream x 4 = time downstream x 6time upstream + time downstream = 60 minutestherefore we have the equation: time upstream = 6/10 hour, time downstream therefore = 4/10 hour.distance traveled at 4km/hr in 6/10 hour = 24/10 = 2.4km.check: distance traveled at 6km/hr in 4/10 hour = 24/10 = 2.4km.

Answerto determine which rock layer in a canyon wall formed first;