Mark Watney (Matt Damon in the Martian movie) and Marvin the Martian (Looney Tunes cartoon character) are having an argument on the surface of Mars (negligible air resistance). They are testing out their new potato launcher that fires projectiles at a constant speed. Mark launches his potato at an angle of 60◦ and Marvin launches his identical potato at an angle of 30◦ . Without any calculations try to answer the following questions, and justify each answer. (A) Which potato lands farther away from the launcher (potatoes are launched from ground level)?

(B) Which potato spends more time in the air before hitting the ground

(C) Which potato has a greater speed just before it hits the ground?

A) The two potatoes cover the same horizontal distance from the launcher.

B) Mark's potato spends more time in the air than Marvin's potato before hitting the ground.

C) Marvin's potato hits the ground with a greater speed than Mark's potato

Explanation:

A) For projectile motion, the final horizontal distance of the projectile from where it was initially launched (its range) is given as

R = (u² sin 2θ)/g

where

u = initial velocity of the projectile

θ = angle above the horizontal at which the projectile was launched = 30°, 60°

g = acceleration due to gravity on Mars

Since, u and g are the same for Mark and Marvin, sin 2θ would determine which range is higher.

Sin (2×60°) = sin 120°

Sin (2×30°) = sin 60°

Sin 120° = Sin 60°

Hence, the two potatoes cover the same horizontal distance from the launcher.

B) Time spent in the air for a projectile is given as

T = (2u sin θ)/g

Again, since u and g are the same for Mark and Marvin on Mars, sin θ will give the required idea of whose potato spends more time in the air.

Sin 60° = 0.866

Sin 30° = 0.50

Sin 60° > Sin 30°

Hence, Mark's potato spends more time in the air than Marvin's potato.

C) The horizontal velocity for projectile motion is constant all through the motion and is equal to u cos θ

u cos 60° < u cos 30°

And the initial vertical velocity is u sin θ

Final vertical velocity

= (initial vertical velocity) - gt

g = acceleration due to gravity on Mars

T = time of flight

For Mark,

initial vertical velocity = u sin 60°, greater than Marvin's u sin 30°

And Mark's potato's time of flight is greater as established in (B) above.

But for Marvin

initial vertical velocity = u sin 30°, less than Mark's u sin 60°

And Marvin's potato's time of flight is lesser as established in (B) above

So, at the end of the day, the final vertical velocity is almost the same for both Mark's and Marvin's potatoes.

Hence, the horizontal component of the final velocity edges the final speed of the potatoes just before hitting the ground in Marvin's favour.

Hope this Helps!!!