Suppose you turn the crank at a medium speed with the bulb attached. If you then unscrew the light bulb and turn the crank with the same speed, will the voltage measured by the multimeter be higher or lower than before?

An  atom  (ours, not carroll's) consists of a positively charged  nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called  electrons. the positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. most of an atom's mass is in its nucleus; the mass of an electron is only 1/1836 the mass of the lightest nucleus, that of hydrogen. although the nucleus is heavy, it is quite small compared with the overall size of an atom. the radius of a typical atom is around 0.1 to 0.25 nanometres (nm), whereas the radius of a nucleus is about 10-6  nm.  *  if an atom were enlarged to the size of the earth, its nucleus would be only 200 feet in diameter and could easily rest inside a small football stadium.read more on -

When seismic waves hit a fault, the waves are reflected off the fault. seismograph can detect these reflected seismic waves. geologists then use these data to map the fault's length and depth