A20-g bullet collides inelastically with a 3-kg wooden block at rest. after the collision, the bullet-block system moves with a speed vf = 1.5 m/s. how much kinetic energy is lost in the collision?

I don't think it's possible to calculate it with the information given.

The kinetic energy after the collision is
  
              (1/2) (mass) (speed)²

         =  (1/2) (3kg + 20g) (1.5 m/s)²

         =        (1.51 kg) (2.25 m²/s²)

         =          3.3975 joules    .

That's nice to know, but we can't tell how much there was before the
collision, because we don't know what the speed of the bullet was.

B) as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.|-/

The objects do not reach terminal velocity         there is not enough time from the time the object falls from when it hits the ground to achieve terminal velocity. an object must be placed higher to achieve terminal velocity in order to be in free fall.