3) the most common isotope of hydrogen contains a proton and an electron separated by amount 5.0•10^-11m. the mass of a proton is approximately 1.7•10^-27 kg. the mass of elections is approximately 9.0•10^-31kg.

This means that the electric force is approximately 10⁴⁰ times greater than the gravitational force.

Explanation:

In your case, you are asked to find the force of attraction due to the mass of the particles and that due to the electric charge.

a)  Let us first calculate the force of attraction due to mass, using the law of universal gravitation

       Fg = G m1 m2 / r²

With G the universal gravitation constant 6.672 10-11 N m2 / Kg2

For this calculation we have all the data, so we substitute in the equation

      Fg = 6,672 10⁻¹¹  1.7 10⁻²⁷ 9.0 10⁻³¹ / (5 10⁻¹¹)²

      Fg = 4.08 10⁻⁻⁴⁷ N

b) Now we calculate the force due to the charges, using Coulomb's law

      =  k q1 q2 / r2

 Where k is the Coulomb constant that is worth 8,987 109 N m2 / C2, q is the charge of each particle and r is the distance that separates it, this is the atomic radius

        Fe = 8,987  10⁹ (1.6 10⁻¹⁹) (-1.6 10⁻¹⁹) / (5.0 10⁻¹¹)²    

        Fe = -9.20 10⁻⁷ N

    The negative sign indicates that the force is attractive

c) To analyze the difference between the two forces, we divide their values

      Fe / Fg = 9.2 10⁻⁷ / 4.08 10⁻⁴⁷

      Fe / Fg = 2 10⁴⁰

 This means that the electric force is approximately 10⁴⁰ times greater than the gravitational force.

we need to know the time interval during which the force acts. impulse of force = momentum change

connect the batteries in series and hope