Figure one, voltmeters

(i) Half

(ii) 3 V

(iii) V₁

Explanation:

(i) The given parameters are;

The circuits have identical resistances

The number of resistors in circuit 1 = 1 resistor

The number of resistors in circuit 2 = 2 resistors

Let 'R' represent the value of each resistor, we have;

The total resistance of circuit 1 = R Ohm

The total resistance of circuit 3 = 2·R Ohm

∴ The total resistance of circuit 1  = (1/2) × The total resistance of circuit 3

∴ The resistance of circuit 1 is half the resistance of circuit 3

(ii) The potential difference of each cell, V = 1.5 volts

The number of cells in circuit 2 = 2 cells

The total potential difference of the cells of circuit 2 = 2 × 1.5 volts = 3 × volts = 3 V.

The voltmeter reading = The potential difference across the cell or cells it is applied

∴ The voltmeter reading on voltmeter, V₂, applied across the cells of circuit 2 = 3 V

(iii) The voltmeter reading V₁ = 1.5 V

The voltmeter reading V₂ = 3 V

The voltmeter reading V₃ = 4.5/(2·R) × R = 2.25 V

Therefore, the voltmeter reading with the smallest volt, is V₁ = 1.5 V

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